Grammar-Verb: Apa itu Verbs?

Verbs atau verba merupakan kata kerja, yakni kata yang menggambarkan proses, perbuatan, atau keadaan. Verbs juga bisa disebut sebagai sesuatu yang dilakukan oleh subjek.

Dalam Bahasa Inggris, ada banyak sekali macam verbs. Di sini kami akan mencoba menjelaskannya satu per satu, dimulai dari bagian-bagian utama verbs, yaitu the simple form, the simple past, the past participle, dan the present participle.

Regular vs Irregular Verb

Untuk mempermudah pemahaman, kami akan gunakan verbs yang lazim ditemui atau telah familer dalam kehidupan/percakapan sehari-hari.

Contoh REGULAR VERBS

*The simple form*	*The simple past*	*The past participle*	*The present participle*
Stop	Stopped	Stopped	Stopping
Wait	Waited	Waited	Waiting
Clean	Cleaned	Cleaned	Cleaning
Study	Studied	Studied	Studying
Play	Played	Played	Playing
Help	Helped	Helped	Helping
Move	Moved	Moved	Moving
Open	Opened	Opened	Opening
Close	Closed	Closed	Closing
Need	Needed	Needed	Needing
Start	Started	Started	Starting
Love	Loved	Loved	Loving
Hope	Hoped	Hoped	Hoping
Look	Looked	Looked	Looking
Finish	Finished	Finished	Finishing
Watch	Watched	Watched	Watching
Walk	Walked	Walked	Walking
…dan masih banyak lagi, –> lebih lanjut regular verb

Contoh IRREGULAR VERBS

*The simple form*	*The simple past*	*The past participle*	*The present participle*
Put	Put	Put	Putting
See	Saw	See	Seeing
Cut	Cut	Cut	Cutting
Go	Went	Gone	Going
Eat	Ate	Eaten	Eating
Forgive	Forgave	Forgiven	Forgiving
Sing	Sang	Sung	Singing
Write	Wrote	Written	Writing
Read	Read	Read	Reading
Make	Made	Made	Making
Pay	Paid	Paid	Paying
Spend	Spent	Spent	Spending
Stand	Stood	Stood	Standing
Tell	Told	Told	Telling
Speak	Spoke	Spoken	Speaking
Wear	Wore	Worn	Wearing
Ride	Rode	Ridden	Riding
Draw	Drew	Drawn	Drawing
Fall	Fell	Fallen	Falling
Fight	Fought	Fought	Fighting
…dan masih banyak lagi –> lebih lanjut irregular verb

The Simple Form

The simple form adalah bentuk verbs dasar yang biasa dicari dan ditemukan dalam kamus. Verbs ini tidak memiliki akhiran –s, –es, –ed, maupun –ing.

Format kalimatnya adalah:

Subjek + Simple form verb + Objek/Keterangan.

Kalimat ini menerangkan tentang sesuatu yang merupakan rutinitas atau dilakukan hampir setiap hari, seperti:

I study in the evening.
They go to school everday.
We read Shakespeare’s in English class this semester.

The Simple Past

The simple past adalah bentuk verbs yang memiliki akhiran –ed. Kebanyakan verbs merupakan regular verbs sehingga dapat dengan mudah diubah ke dalam bentuk simple past dengan menambahkan akhiran –ed.

Namun, ada pula yang disebut dengan irregular verbs yang memiliki bentuk simple past berbeda dari verba dasarnya. Format kalimatnya pun sederhana:

Subjek + Simple past form verbs + Objek/Keterangan.

Kalimat ini menerangkan tentang sesuatu yang terjadi di masa lampau.

She ate oatmeal for breakfast this morning.
I spoke to my thesis supervisor and he gave my proposal research a go.
My little brother played with his new toy all day long yesterday.
My best friend helped me going through some terrible moments in my life.

The Past Participle

The past participle adalah bentuk verbs yang juga berakhiran –ed dan digunakan dalam kalimat present perfect tenses dan past perfect tenses. Kedua jenis kalimat tersebut memiliki format:

Subjek + Have/Has + Past participle form verbs (untuk present perfect tense) + Objek/keterangan

Kalimat ini menerangkan tentang sesuatu yang terjadi sebelum masa kini, bisa terjadi sekali maupun berulang kali.

My little sister has eaten her lunch.
It has been hot for the past three days.
How long have you lived here?

Subjek + Had + Past participle form verb (untuk past perfect tense) + Objek/keterangan.

Kalimat ini menerangkan tentang sesuatu yang telah terjadi dan tidak terulang lagi di masa lampau.

By the time she came, I had already finished
When you bought me dinner last night, I wasn’t hungry anymore. I had already eaten.
She was my best friends. She had helped me going through some bad period in my life.

The Present Participle

The present participle adalah bentuk verbs yang berakhiran –ing, baik untuk regular maupun irregular verbs. Biasanya digunakan dalam kalimat-kalimat progressive tenses, baik present progressive maupun past progressive. Format kalimatnya adalah:

Subjek + Am, is, are + Present participle form verbs (untuk present progressive tense) + Objek/keterangan

I am studying for tomorrow’s exam.
We are fighthing an unwinnable war.
With the passing of my grandma, my mom is going through a difficult time in her life right now.

Subjek + Was, were + Present participle form verbs (untuk past progressive tense) + Objek/keterangan