16 tenses kata kerja harm

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V1: harm
V1 + s/es: harms
V2 (past): harmed
V3 (past participle): harmed
V-ing: harming

harm termasuk regular verb: V2 dan V3 berakhiran -ed.

Subjek

Simple Present

S + V1 (s/es)

(+): I harm.
(−): I do not harm. (I don't harm.)
(?): Do I harm?

Kebiasaan, fakta, dan jadwal tetap. Keterangan waktu: every day, usually, always, often.

Penjelasan Simple Present

Present Continuous

S + am/is/are + V-ing

(+): I am harming.
(−): I am not harming. (I'm not harming.)
(?): Am I harming?

Kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung sekarang. Keterangan waktu: now, right now, at the moment.

Penjelasan Present Continuous

Present Perfect

S + have/has + V3

(+): I have harmed.
(−): I have not harmed. (I haven't harmed.)
(?): Have I harmed?

Kejadian yang sudah terjadi dan hasilnya masih terasa sekarang. Keterangan waktu: already, just, ever, never, yet, since, for.

Penjelasan Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous

S + have/has + been + V-ing

(+): I have been harming.
(−): I have not been harming. (I haven't been harming.)
(?): Have I been harming?

Kegiatan yang dimulai di masa lalu dan masih berlangsung sampai sekarang. Keterangan waktu: for two hours, since morning, all day.

Penjelasan Present Perfect Continuous

Simple Past

S + V2

(+): I harmed.
(−): I did not harm. (I didn't harm.)
(?): Did I harm?

Kejadian yang sudah selesai di masa lalu. Keterangan waktu: yesterday, last week, two days ago, in 2020.

Penjelasan Simple Past

Past Continuous

S + was/were + V-ing

(+): I was harming.
(−): I was not harming. (I wasn't harming.)
(?): Was I harming?

Kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu tertentu di masa lalu. Keterangan waktu: at 8 last night, when, while.

Penjelasan Past Continuous

Past Perfect

S + had + V3

(+): I had harmed.
(−): I had not harmed. (I hadn't harmed.)
(?): Had I harmed?

Kejadian yang sudah selesai sebelum kejadian lain di masa lalu. Keterangan waktu: before, after, by the time, already.

Penjelasan Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous

S + had + been + V-ing

(+): I had been harming.
(−): I had not been harming. (I hadn't been harming.)
(?): Had I been harming?

Kegiatan yang sudah berlangsung lama sebelum kejadian lain di masa lalu. Keterangan waktu: for two hours before, since … until.

Penjelasan Past Perfect Continuous

Simple Future

S + will + V1

(+): I will harm.
(−): I will not harm. (I won't harm.)
(?): Will I harm?

Kejadian yang akan terjadi, janji, atau keputusan spontan. Keterangan waktu: tomorrow, next week, soon, later.

Penjelasan Simple Future

Future Continuous

S + will + be + V-ing

(+): I will be harming.
(−): I will not be harming. (I won't be harming.)
(?): Will I be harming?

Kegiatan yang akan sedang berlangsung pada waktu tertentu di masa depan. Keterangan waktu: at this time tomorrow, at 9 tonight.

Penjelasan Future Continuous

Future Perfect

S + will + have + V3

(+): I will have harmed.
(−): I will not have harmed. (I won't have harmed.)
(?): Will I have harmed?

Kegiatan yang akan sudah selesai sebelum waktu tertentu di masa depan. Keterangan waktu: by tomorrow, by next year, by the time.

Penjelasan Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous

S + will + have + been + V-ing

(+): I will have been harming.
(−): I will not have been harming. (I won't have been harming.)
(?): Will I have been harming?

Kegiatan yang akan sudah berlangsung selama waktu tertentu di masa depan. Keterangan waktu: by next month … for, for five years.

Penjelasan Future Perfect Continuous

Past Future

S + would + V1

(+): I would harm.
(−): I would not harm. (I wouldn't harm.)
(?): Would I harm?

Rencana atau perkiraan di masa lalu tentang sesuatu yang akan terjadi. Keterangan waktu: the day before, the following day.

Penjelasan Past Future

Past Future Continuous

S + would + be + V-ing

(+): I would be harming.
(−): I would not be harming. (I wouldn't be harming.)
(?): Would I be harming?

Kegiatan yang (menurut sudut pandang masa lalu) akan sedang berlangsung. Keterangan waktu: at that time the next day.

Penjelasan Past Future Continuous

Past Future Perfect

S + would + have + V3

(+): I would have harmed.
(−): I would not have harmed. (I wouldn't have harmed.)
(?): Would I have harmed?

Kejadian yang seharusnya sudah terjadi, sering dipakai pada pengandaian. Keterangan waktu: if … had, by then.

Penjelasan Past Future Perfect

Past Future Perfect Continuous

S + would + have + been + V-ing

(+): I would have been harming.
(−): I would not have been harming. (I wouldn't have been harming.)
(?): Would I have been harming?

Kegiatan yang seharusnya sudah berlangsung selama waktu tertentu di masa lalu. Keterangan waktu: for … by then.

Penjelasan Past Future Perfect Continuous

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