16 tenses kata kerja include

V1: include
V1 + s/es: includes
V2 (past): included
V3 (past participle): included
V-ing: including

include termasuk regular verb: V2 dan V3 berakhiran -ed. include termasuk stative verb (kata kerja keadaan), jadi biasanya tidak dipakai dalam bentuk continuous. Bentuk continuous di bawah diberi tanda "jarang dipakai".

Subjek

Simple Present

S + V1 (s/es)

(+): I include.
(−): I do not include. (I don't include.)
(?): Do I include?

Kebiasaan, fakta, dan jadwal tetap. Keterangan waktu: every day, usually, always, often.

Penjelasan Simple Present

Present Continuous jarang dipakai

S + am/is/are + V-ing

(+): I am including.
(−): I am not including. (I'm not including.)
(?): Am I including?

Kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung sekarang. Keterangan waktu: now, right now, at the moment.

Penjelasan Present Continuous

Present Perfect

S + have/has + V3

(+): I have included.
(−): I have not included. (I haven't included.)
(?): Have I included?

Kejadian yang sudah terjadi dan hasilnya masih terasa sekarang. Keterangan waktu: already, just, ever, never, yet, since, for.

Penjelasan Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous jarang dipakai

S + have/has + been + V-ing

(+): I have been including.
(−): I have not been including. (I haven't been including.)
(?): Have I been including?

Kegiatan yang dimulai di masa lalu dan masih berlangsung sampai sekarang. Keterangan waktu: for two hours, since morning, all day.

Penjelasan Present Perfect Continuous

Simple Past

S + V2

(+): I included.
(−): I did not include. (I didn't include.)
(?): Did I include?

Kejadian yang sudah selesai di masa lalu. Keterangan waktu: yesterday, last week, two days ago, in 2020.

Penjelasan Simple Past

Past Continuous jarang dipakai

S + was/were + V-ing

(+): I was including.
(−): I was not including. (I wasn't including.)
(?): Was I including?

Kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu tertentu di masa lalu. Keterangan waktu: at 8 last night, when, while.

Penjelasan Past Continuous

Past Perfect

S + had + V3

(+): I had included.
(−): I had not included. (I hadn't included.)
(?): Had I included?

Kejadian yang sudah selesai sebelum kejadian lain di masa lalu. Keterangan waktu: before, after, by the time, already.

Penjelasan Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous jarang dipakai

S + had + been + V-ing

(+): I had been including.
(−): I had not been including. (I hadn't been including.)
(?): Had I been including?

Kegiatan yang sudah berlangsung lama sebelum kejadian lain di masa lalu. Keterangan waktu: for two hours before, since … until.

Penjelasan Past Perfect Continuous

Simple Future

S + will + V1

(+): I will include.
(−): I will not include. (I won't include.)
(?): Will I include?

Kejadian yang akan terjadi, janji, atau keputusan spontan. Keterangan waktu: tomorrow, next week, soon, later.

Penjelasan Simple Future

Future Continuous jarang dipakai

S + will + be + V-ing

(+): I will be including.
(−): I will not be including. (I won't be including.)
(?): Will I be including?

Kegiatan yang akan sedang berlangsung pada waktu tertentu di masa depan. Keterangan waktu: at this time tomorrow, at 9 tonight.

Penjelasan Future Continuous

Future Perfect

S + will + have + V3

(+): I will have included.
(−): I will not have included. (I won't have included.)
(?): Will I have included?

Kegiatan yang akan sudah selesai sebelum waktu tertentu di masa depan. Keterangan waktu: by tomorrow, by next year, by the time.

Penjelasan Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous jarang dipakai

S + will + have + been + V-ing

(+): I will have been including.
(−): I will not have been including. (I won't have been including.)
(?): Will I have been including?

Kegiatan yang akan sudah berlangsung selama waktu tertentu di masa depan. Keterangan waktu: by next month … for, for five years.

Penjelasan Future Perfect Continuous

Past Future

S + would + V1

(+): I would include.
(−): I would not include. (I wouldn't include.)
(?): Would I include?

Rencana atau perkiraan di masa lalu tentang sesuatu yang akan terjadi. Keterangan waktu: the day before, the following day.

Penjelasan Past Future

Past Future Continuous jarang dipakai

S + would + be + V-ing

(+): I would be including.
(−): I would not be including. (I wouldn't be including.)
(?): Would I be including?

Kegiatan yang (menurut sudut pandang masa lalu) akan sedang berlangsung. Keterangan waktu: at that time the next day.

Penjelasan Past Future Continuous

Past Future Perfect

S + would + have + V3

(+): I would have included.
(−): I would not have included. (I wouldn't have included.)
(?): Would I have included?

Kejadian yang seharusnya sudah terjadi, sering dipakai pada pengandaian. Keterangan waktu: if … had, by then.

Penjelasan Past Future Perfect

Past Future Perfect Continuous jarang dipakai

S + would + have + been + V-ing

(+): I would have been including.
(−): I would not have been including. (I wouldn't have been including.)
(?): Would I have been including?

Kegiatan yang seharusnya sudah berlangsung selama waktu tertentu di masa lalu. Keterangan waktu: for … by then.

Penjelasan Past Future Perfect Continuous

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